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Product details
File Size: 1986 KB
Print Length: 511 pages
Publisher: Penguin Books (January 9, 2009)
Publication Date: January 22, 2009
Sold by: Penguin Group (USA) LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B001P9W9OU
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Singer has spent a lot of time with the manufacturers and operators of military robots and shows that the armed forces have undergone a radical shift of attitude towards robotics over the last 5 years.They have moved from rejection, to wholesale acceptance of devices such as the Predator (an ariel robot using remote control and GPS). It's cheaper than a jet fighter, can stay in the air longer, is more accurate, can operate at lower altitude and doesn't risk a pilot's life. It's now official policy, wherever possible, to switch to robotic fighting machines on land, sea and air.He explores this fast changing situation and considers the issue of robot autonomy (robots collecting information and making their own decisions) concluding that humans are being increasingly "pushed out of the loop" for simple operational reasons. Basically they aren't fast enough and get in the way.He reflects on the Singularity, and the widespread expectation of this event in the robotics community, and at the way that no one seems to care. They are very much focused on building better and more capable machines.Overall a very interesting book.
Singer has conducted an impressive research stretched over 4 years, which includes, among other things, interviewing army personnel from the General down to the 19-year-old operating the drones in Iraq. Moreover, Singer also interviewed and visited the main companies leading the robotics industry, such as iRobot (that makes the Roomba, the famous vacuum cleaning robot). The outcome of this thorough and comprehensive research is this important, interesting and thought-provoking book.This book covers a vast amount of topics ranging from the history of robotics through to the current robotics industry, the influence of science fiction on robotics to the ethics problems that will rise from the usage of autonomous robots (robots that can shoot based on their own decisions without any human involvement) in war.I found the book to be highly encompassing and very balanced. Singer offers both sides of the coin regarding the robotics revolution and how it will affect the way we are going to conduct war. More importantly, Singer raises some very important issues, which until now, were largely ignored by the military and leading scholars. First, what are the ethical and moral implications of the growing involvement of robots in warfare? For example, what if an autonomous robot shoots an unarmed civilian? Or, what if, during an exhibition (as has already happened), the robot malfunctions and starts randomly shooting and killing innocent people? Who should bear the responsibility? Another question to ask is, what is the likelihood that politicians would be more willing to start wars now that they're not risking human soldiers lives?Secondly, is an even more interesting observation that Singer makes regarding the lack of doctrine of how to properly use these robots in war. Singer draws an interesting comparison between the U.S. army and the British army during WW2 that, like the U.S. army, was lacking a satisfying doctrine of tank warfare. Thus, even though they had tanks before the Nazis did, they weren't able to translate it to a military advantage. In contrast, the Nazis did have a highly successful tank warfare doctrine that led them to very impressive victories. Singer concludes that if the U.S. army won't develop the correct doctrine for the usage of robotics in warfare, all of this technological advantage won't be any good.In conclusion, this book is very thorough, but still highly readable. For those of you who are interested in military history, robots, or are just interested in what the future might look like I can't recommend this book enough.
There has been a good deal written about how the advances in Information Technology (IT) would affect the transformation of the U.S. Military from a Cold War force to a force better able to deal with the realities of the 21st Century World. Yet very little has been written on an important branch of IT, namely the science of robotics and its effect on military operations.Yet, as this admirable book makes clear, the military use of robotics has grown exponentially. Singer essentially provides a catalogue of weapons systems, reconnaissance systems, and other military support systems that are unmanned and are capable of varying degrees of autonomy. His catalogue includes remotely controlled systems like the Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), programmable `smart' bombs, sensor drive devices (e.g. heat seeking missiles) and other devices requiring minimum human direction to do their jobs. He also observes that the robotics field is moving towards that holy grail of robotics, artificial intelligence and fully autonomous weapons systems.In the second half of this book, Singer addresses issues that the use of robots in war naturally calls up. In this half he discusses the best kind soldiers to serve as remote operators, the numerous ethical issues concerning the use of robots in war, and the broad impact such use will have on both the military and civil societies.Singer goes astray however when denigrates the concept of Network Centric Warfare (NSW) and its principal military proponent the late Admiral Arthur Cebrowski. In point of fact, NSW is a command and control concept (command, control, computers, communications, intelligence, sensors, reconnaissance (C4ISR) that has been successfully integrated into both naval and air force command systems. U.S. ground forces have had more difficulty because they lack the controlled, clean, and relatively secure environments provided for example by the U.S. Navy Shipboard Combat Information Centers. Properly implemented and used the NSW concept can be as effective as the robotic systems that Singer discusses so eloquently.This is a book well worth reading and pondering by anyone.
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